[Ethereum] 프라이빗 네트워크에 컨트랙트 배포 및 테스트

Ethereum

메타코인 예제 프로젝트를 이용해 프라이빗 네트워크에 컨트랙트를 배포하고 테스트해보겠습니다.

메타코인

MetaCoin Box - Truffle Suite

트러플을 이용해 개발한 간단한 코인입니다.

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% cd private-net
% mkdir truffle-metacoin
% cd truffle-metacoin
% truffle unbox metacoin


Starting unbox...
=================

✓ Preparing to download box
✓ Downloading
✓ Cleaning up temporary files
✓ Setting up box

Unbox successful, sweet!

Commands:

  Compile contracts: truffle compile
  Migrate contracts: truffle migrate
  Test contracts:    truffle test

truffle-config.js 수정

truffle-config.js의 networks 부분을 아래와 같이 수정합니다.

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networks: {
  //... 생략
  development: {
   host: "127.0.0.1",     // Localhost (default: none)
   port: 8545,            // Standard Ethereum port (default: none)
   network_id: "*",       // Any network (default: none)
  },
  test: "127.0.0.1",
  port: 8545,
  network_id: "*"
  //... 생략
},

geth

아래의 명령어를 실행하여 geth를 구동합니다.

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% geth --datadir ~/private-net --networkid 15 --nodiscover --maxpeers 0 --mine --miner.threads 1 --http --http.addr "0.0.0.0" --http.corsdomain "*" --http.vhosts "*" --http.api "eth,web3,persional,net,miner" --ipcpath ~/private-net/geth.ipc --ws --ws.addr "0.0.0.0" --ws.api "eth,web3,persional,net,miner" --ws.origins "*" --allow-insecure-unlock --password ~/private-net/password

새 터미널을 열고 geth 접속

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% geth attach http://localhost:8545
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!

instance: Geth/v1.10.26-stable/darwin-arm64/go1.19.3
coinbase: 0x945cd603a6754cb13c3d61d8fe240990f86f9f8a
at block: 1533 (Wed Dec 14 2022 17:41:40 GMT+0900 (KST))
 modules: eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 web3:1.0

To exit, press ctrl-d or type exit
>

첫번째 계정 잠금 해제

password 파일의 첫번째 행이 첫번째 계정의 비밀번호입니다.

저는 blah로 정했습니다.

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> web3.personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0])
Unlock account 0x945cd603a6754cb13c3d61d8fe240990f86f9f8a
Passphrase: 
true

나머지 4개의 계정 잠금 해제

위의 eth.accounts[0]부터 eth.accounts[4]까지 반복하여 5번째 계정까지 모두 해제합니다.

프라이빗 네트워크에 계약 배포

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% truffle migrate --network development

Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Compiling ./contracts/ConvertLib.sol-bin. Attempt #1
> Compiling ./contracts/MetaCoin.sol
> Artifacts written to /Users/devsawd/private-net/truffle-metacoin/build/contracts
> Compiled successfully using:
   - solc: 0.8.13+commit.abaa5c0e.Emscripten.clang
⠸ Fetching solc version list from solc-bin. Attempt #1
✓ Downloading compiler. Attempt #1.
Starting migrations...
======================
> Network name:    'development'
> Network id:      15
> Block gas limit: 15265600 (0xe8ef40)


1_deploy_contracts.js
=====================

   Deploying 'ConvertLib'
   ----------------------
   > transaction hash:    0x2c4b0d752d2ad6fe16fdbbc904ddcc4bdb0292cff854ede6a59a662d99c152beg compiler. Attempt #1.
   > Blocks: 1            Seconds: 4lc-bin. Attempt #1
   > contract address:    0xc786144E0BEb71b86B71eF4b93e0c05F39904E75
   > block number:        1621nds: 0
   > block timestamp:     1671007549
   > account:             0x945Cd603A6754cB13C3D61d8fe240990f86f9f8A
   > balance:             500003242
   > gas used:            180656 (0x2c1b0)
   > gas price:           1 gwei
   > value sent:          0 ETH
   > total cost:          0.000180656 ETH


   Linking
   -------
   * Contract: MetaCoin <--> Library: ConvertLib (at address: 0xc786144E0BEb71b86B71eF4b93e0c05F39904E75)

   Deploying 'MetaCoin'
   --------------------
   > transaction hash:    0x0c5a64372ed0ed72455c908216aa58817062a13a9ccc3b3db71310ae31b7d737
   > Blocks: 0            Seconds: 0lc-bin. Attempt #1
   > contract address:    0x2785BA9c8c1d765E85f6F46DF3E6fF22B6EdcaeA
   > block number:        1623nds: 0
   > block timestamp:     1671007555
   > account:             0x945Cd603A6754cB13C3D61d8fe240990f86f9f8A
   > balance:             500003246
   > gas used:            496498 (0x79372)
   > gas price:           1 gwei
   > value sent:          0 ETH
   > total cost:          0.000496498 ETH

   > Saving artifacts
   -------------------------------------
   > Total cost:         0.000677154 ETH

Summary
=======
> Total deployments:   2
> Final cost:          0.000677154 ETH

트러플

트러플을 이용하여 잔액 확인 및 트랜잭션을 확인합니다.

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% truffle console --network development
truffle(development)>

메타코인 계약 정보와 계정 정보를 상수에 저장

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let instance = await MetaCoin.deployed()
undefined
truffle(development)> let accounts = await web3.eth.getAccounts()
undefined
truffle(development)>
web3.eth — web3.js 1.0.0 documentation

web-eth 패키지를 이용해 이더리움 블록체인 및 이더리움 스마트 컨트랙트와 상호 작용할 수 있습니다.

첫 번째와 두 번째 계정의 잔액 확인

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truffle(development)> instance.getBalance(accounts[0])
BN {
  negative: 0,
  words: [ 10000, <1 empty item> ],
  length: 1,
  red: null
}
truffle(development)> instance.getBalance(accounts[1])
BN { negative: 0, words: [ 0, <1 empty item> ], length: 1, red: null }
truffle(development)>
metacoin-box/MetaCoin.sol at master · truffle-box/metacoin-box
MetaCoin smart contracts example box. Contribute to truffle-box/metacoin-box development by creating an account on GitHub.

MetaCoin.sol 소스코드를 보면 다른 함수 목록과 코드를 볼 수 있습니다.

트랜잭션 실행

첫 번째 계정에서 10 메타코인을 두 번째 계정으로 보내는 트랜잭션을 실행해봅니다.

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truffle(development)> instance.sendCoin(accounts[1], 10, {from: accounts[0]})
{
  tx: '0x1671f227950efd2e8fe6c35397670af8e614bc2dbb42274a279af7e3d855b59b',
  receipt: {
    blockHash: '0x3f8bdbe2f2fd7fd94bf6d2cb6c411f9c9f90dcaa651c576a1528e7255b860837',
    blockNumber: 1745,
    contractAddress: null,
    cumulativeGasUsed: 51921,
    effectiveGasPrice: 1000000000,
    from: '0x945cd603a6754cb13c3d61d8fe240990f86f9f8a',
    gasUsed: 51921,
    logs: [ [Object] ],
    logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000000000800000040004000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000010000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
    status: true,
    to: '0x2785ba9c8c1d765e85f6f46df3e6ff22b6edcaea',
    transactionHash: '0x1671f227950efd2e8fe6c35397670af8e614bc2dbb42274a279af7e3d855b59b',
    transactionIndex: 0,
    type: '0x0',
    rawLogs: [ [Object] ]
  },
  logs: [
    {
      address: '0x2785BA9c8c1d765E85f6F46DF3E6fF22B6EdcaeA',
      blockNumber: 1745,
      transactionHash: '0x1671f227950efd2e8fe6c35397670af8e614bc2dbb42274a279af7e3d855b59b',
      transactionIndex: 0,
      blockHash: '0x3f8bdbe2f2fd7fd94bf6d2cb6c411f9c9f90dcaa651c576a1528e7255b860837',
      logIndex: 0,
      removed: false,
      id: 'log_a1c1c0d3',
      event: 'Transfer',
      args: [Result]
    }
  ]
}

만약 인증이 필요하다는 오류가 발생한다면..

아래와 같이 인증 오류가 발생할 수 있습니다.

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Uncaught:
Error: Returned error: authentication needed: password or unlock -- Reason given: Custom error (could not decode).
    at evalmachine.<anonymous>
    at sigintHandlersWrap (node:vm:276:12)
    at Script.runInContext (node:vm:139:14)
    at runScript (/opt/homebrew/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/core/lib/console.js:454:1)
    at Console.interpret (/opt/homebrew/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/core/lib/console.js:469:1)
    at bound (node:domain:426:15)
    at REPLServer.runBound [as eval] (node:domain:437:12)
    at REPLServer.onLine (node:repl:902:10)
    at REPLServer.emit (node:events:513:28)
    at REPLServer.emit (node:domain:482:12)
    at REPLServer.[_onLine] [as _onLine] (node:internal/readline/interface:425:12)
    at REPLServer.[_line] [as _line] (node:internal/readline/interface:886:18)
    at REPLServer.[_ttyWrite] [as _ttyWrite] (node:internal/readline/interface:1264:22)
    at REPLServer.self._ttyWrite (node:repl:997:9)
    at ReadStream.onkeypress (node:internal/readline/interface:273:20)
    at ReadStream.emit (node:events:513:28)
    at ReadStream.emit (node:domain:482:12)
    at emitKeys (node:internal/readline/utils:357:14)
    at emitKeys.next (<anonymous>)
    at ReadStream.onData (node:internal/readline/emitKeypressEvents:64:36) {
  data: null,
  reason: 'Custom error (could not decode)',
  hijackedStack: 'Error: Returned error: authentication needed: password or unlock -- Reason given: Custom error (could not decode).\n' +
    '    at Object.ErrorResponse (/opt/homebrew/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/node_modules/web3-core-helpers/lib/errors.js:28:1)\n' +
    '    at /opt/homebrew/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/node_modules/web3-core-requestmanager/lib/index.js:300:1\n' +
    '    at /opt/homebrew/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/provider/wrapper.js:123:1\n' +
    '    at XMLHttpRequest.request.onreadystatechange (/opt/homebrew/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/node_modules/web3-providers-http/lib/index.js:98:1)\n' +
    '    at XMLHttpRequestEventTarget.dispatchEvent (/opt/homebrew/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/node_modules/xhr2-cookies/dist/xml-http-request-event-target.js:34:1)\n' +
    '    at XMLHttpRequest.exports.modules.996763.XMLHttpRequest._setReadyState (/opt/homebrew/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/node_modules/xhr2-cookies/dist/xml-http-request.js:208:1)\n' +
    '    at XMLHttpRequest.exports.modules.996763.XMLHttpRequest._onHttpResponseEnd (/opt/homebrew/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/node_modules/xhr2-cookies/dist/xml-http-request.js:318:1)\n' +
    '    at IncomingMessage.<anonymous> (/opt/homebrew/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/node_modules/xhr2-cookies/dist/xml-http-request.js:289:48)\n' +
    '    at IncomingMessage.emit (node:events:525:35)\n' +
    '    at IncomingMessage.emit (node:domain:545:15)\n' +
    '    at endReadableNT (node:internal/streams/readable:1359:12)\n' +
    '    at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:82:21)'
}

앞서 계정의 비밀번호를 입력하는 과정을 한번 더 거친후 트랜잭션을 실행합니다.

일정 시간이 지나면 계정이 잠기니 실습이 오래걸리면 발생할 수 있습니다.

트랜잭션 확인

계정 잔고를 확인해 트랜잭션이 실행되었는지 확인합니다.

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truffle(development)> instance.getBalance(accounts[0])
BN {
  negative: 0,
  words: [ 9990, <1 empty item> ],
  length: 1,
  red: null
}
truffle(development)> instance.getBalance(accounts[1])
BN { negative: 0, words: [ 10, <1 empty item> ], length: 1, red: null }
Ethereum Truffle
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